"I was made over. The past was a dim, far-off country which I had left forever. America was beginning, with my new English name. I was born, I have lived, and I have been made over. I am the spirit of the future. I make my bow as a daughter of the Mayflower as proudly as that lady whose family came over in the original boat." — Mary Antin, The Promised Land, 1912
Antin's optimism stood in tension with which contemporary trend?
- A
Open immigration of Asian laborers
- B
Federal endorsement of bilingual education
- Ccheck_circle
Rising nativist calls for literacy tests and quotas
- D
Decline of urban political machines
Explanation
The Dillingham Commission (1911) and later 1917 literacy test embodied rising nativism that culminated in the 1924 Johnson-Reed quotas.