"The judiciary, on the contrary, has no influence over either the sword or the purse... and can take no active resolution whatever. It may truly be said to have neither force nor will, but merely judgment... Whoever attentively considers the different departments of power must perceive, that, in a government in which they are separated from each other, the judiciary, from the nature of its functions, will always be the least dangerous to the political rights of the constitution." — Alexander Hamilton, Federalist No. 78 (1788)
Hamilton's reasoning in Federalist No. 78 most directly laid the groundwork for which later constitutional development?
- Acheck_circle
The Supreme Court's assertion of judicial review in Marbury v. Madison (1803)
- B
The creation of inferior federal courts in the Judiciary Act of 1789
- C
The impeachment of Justice Samuel Chase in 1804-05
- D
The expansion of original jurisdiction in the Eleventh Amendment
Explanation
Federalist No. 78 explicitly defended the courts' duty to declare unconstitutional acts void, the doctrine Marshall invoked in Marbury. The Judiciary Act addressed structure (not review), Chase's impeachment was a partisan attack, and the Eleventh Amendment narrowed jurisdiction rather than authorizing review.