AP US History · Topic 4.2

The Rise of Political Parties and the Era of Jefferson Practice

Part of Period 4: 1800–1848.

Practice questions

16

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Sample questions

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  1. Sample 1difficulty 2/5

    U.S. 1800 Louisiana Purchase Spanish North America c. 1804

    Which constitutional concern most troubled President Jefferson regarding the territory shaded in green on the map?

    • A

      The Constitution did not explicitly authorize the federal government to acquire foreign territory

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    • B

      Native American treaties prohibited federal land purchases

    • C

      The Senate lacked a two-thirds majority to ratify the treaty

    • D

      Spain still claimed sovereignty over the entire region

    Why

    Jefferson, a strict constructionist, worried that the Constitution gave him no explicit power to purchase territory. He ultimately accepted a loose interpretation, justifying the Louisiana Purchase under the treaty-making power.

  2. Sample 2difficulty 3/5

    First Party System, 1790s Federalists Leaders: Hamilton, Adams Strong central gov't Loose construction Pro-British Commerce, banks Northeast strongholds Democratic-Republicans Leaders: Jefferson, Madison States' rights Strict construction Pro-French Agriculture, yeomen South, West strongholds

    Which dispute most clearly illustrated the contrast shown above during the 1790s?

    • A

      The location of the new federal capital in New York

    • B

      The constitutionality of the First Bank of the United States

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    • C

      The boundaries of the Louisiana Purchase

    • D

      The decision to ratify the Articles of Confederation

    Why

    Hamilton invoked implied powers (loose construction) to support the Bank; Jefferson and Madison demanded strict construction—an exact embodiment of the partisan split.

  3. Sample 3difficulty 3/5

    "It is emphatically the province and duty of the judicial department to say what the law is. Those who apply the rule to particular cases must of necessity expound and interpret that rule. If two laws conflict with each other, the courts must decide on the operation of each." — Chief Justice John Marshall, Marbury v. Madison (1803)

    The political tensions surrounding this 1803 decision arose most directly from which event?

    • A

      The Federalists' midnight appointments after losing the 1800 election

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    • B

      The ratification of the Twelfth Amendment

    • C

      The Louisiana Purchase negotiations with France

    • D

      The Whiskey Rebellion in western Pennsylvania

    Why

    The case arose from William Marbury's commission as a justice of the peace, one of the "midnight appointments" made by outgoing Federalist president John Adams to entrench Federalist judges before Jefferson took office.

  4. Sample 4difficulty 3/5

    "Whereas combinations to defeat the execution of the laws laying duties upon spirits distilled within the United States... have from the time of the commencement of those laws existed in the four western counties of Pennsylvania... I... do hereby command all persons being insurgents... on or before the first day of September next, to disperse and retire peaceably to their respective abodes." — President George Washington, Proclamation of August 7, 1794

    The administration's handling of the Whiskey Rebellion most directly contributed to which political development of the mid-1790s?

    • A

      The crystallization of Democratic-Republican opposition to Federalist fiscal and military policy

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    • B

      The collapse of the Federalist Party as a national organization

    • C

      The repeal of the federal excise on distilled spirits in 1795

    • D

      The relocation of the national capital to Philadelphia

    Why

    Jefferson and Madison criticized the army's size and Washington's denunciation of Democratic-Republican societies, helping consolidate Democratic-Republican opposition. The Federalists remained dominant until 1800, the whiskey excise stood until 1802, and the capital had moved to Philadelphia in 1790.

  5. Sample 5difficulty 3/5

    Electoral Vote, Election of 1800 80 40 0 Jefferson 73 Burr 73 Adams 65 Pinckney 64

    The tie in electoral votes shown directly led to which constitutional development?

    • A

      Adoption of the Twelfth Amendment, separating ballots for president and vice president

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    • B

      Creation of the Electoral College for the first time

    • C

      Abolition of the Electoral College in favor of popular vote

    • D

      Establishment of judicial review over presidential elections

    Why

    Because each elector cast two undifferentiated votes, Jefferson tied with his running mate Burr; the resulting House contest spurred the Twelfth Amendment (1804).