Columbian Exchange, Spanish Exploration, and Conquest

AP US History· difficulty 3/5

The Columbian Exchange refers to

  • A

    The widespread transfer of plants, animals, diseases, people, and ideas between the Old and New Worlds after 1492

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  • B

    Christopher Columbus's personal banking transactions and credit arrangements with Genoese and Spanish lenders

  • C

    An early form of stock trading developed by Italian merchants to finance overseas exploration ventures

  • D

    The transatlantic trade in enslaved Africans organized exclusively among rival European countries during the early 1600s

Explanation

Coined by Alfred Crosby, the term describes the transformative biological and cultural exchange following European contact with the Americas.

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