Based on the diagram, which item moved from the Old World to the New World as part of the Columbian Exchange?

Answer: Smallpox The diagram lists smallpox among Old World contributions; it devastated Indigenous populations who had no immunity. Maize, tobacco, and potatoes are New World crops.

The Requerimiento was designed to:

Answer: Provide a legal pretext for conquest by giving Indigenous peoples formal "notice" before war Spanish jurists devised the Requerimiento so that conquistadors, having read aloud a demand of submission (often in Spanish, often out of earshot), could claim a "just war" against Indigenous peoples who failed to comply.

The Requerimiento's claim that the Pope could grant lordship over Indigenous lands rested on which earlier act?

Answer: Pope Alexander VI's bulls of donation (1493) and the Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) Alexander VI's 1493 bulls and the 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas allocated newly "discovered" non-Christian lands to Spain and Portugal, supplying the legal-theological basis for the Requerimiento.

AP US History · Topic 1.4

Columbian Exchange, Spanish Exploration, and Conquest Practice

Part of Period 1: 1491–1607.

Practice questions

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Sample questions

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Sample 1difficulty 2/5
$Based on the diagram, which item moved from the Old World to the New World as part of the Columbian Exchange?$
- A
  $Tobacco$
- B
  $Potatoes$
- C
  $Smallpox$
  check_circle
- D
  $Maize$
Why
$The diagram lists smallpox among Old World contributions; it devastated Indigenous populations who had no immunity. Maize, tobacco, and potatoes are New World crops.$
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Sample 2difficulty 3/5
$"I implore you to recognize the Church as a lady and in the name of the Pope take the King as lord of this land and obey his mandates. If you do not... with the help of God I shall enter your land against you with force, and shall make war on you in every way I can, and I shall subject you to the yoke and obedience of the Church and of His Majesty, and I shall take your wives and children and make them slaves." — The Spanish Requerimiento, drafted by Juan López de Palacios Rubios (1513), read to Indigenous peoples by conquistadors$
$The Requerimiento was designed to:$
- A
  $Forbid Spanish settlers from enslaving Native Americans$
- B
  $Establish the Church of England in the New World$
- C
  $Negotiate trade agreements with established Indigenous polities$
- D
  $Provide a legal pretext for conquest by giving Indigenous peoples formal "notice" before war$
  check_circle
Why
$Spanish jurists devised the Requerimiento so that conquistadors, having read aloud a demand of submission (often in Spanish, often out of earshot), could claim a "just war" against Indigenous peoples who failed to comply.$
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Sample 3difficulty 3/5
$"I implore you to recognize the Church as a lady and in the name of the Pope take the King as lord of this land and obey his mandates. If you do not... with the help of God I shall enter your land against you with force, and shall make war on you in every way I can, and I shall subject you to the yoke and obedience of the Church and of His Majesty, and I shall take your wives and children and make them slaves." — The Spanish Requerimiento, drafted by Juan López de Palacios Rubios (1513), read to Indigenous peoples by conquistadors$
$The Requerimiento's claim that the Pope could grant lordship over Indigenous lands rested on which earlier act?$
- A
  $Pope Alexander VI's bulls of donation (1493) and the Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)$
  check_circle
- B
  $The Edict of Nantes recognizing Huguenot rights$
- C
  $The English Statute of Uses regulating land conveyances$
- D
  $The Council of Trent's reforms of Catholic doctrine$
Why
$Alexander VI's 1493 bulls and the 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas allocated newly "discovered" non-Christian lands to Spain and Portugal, supplying the legal-theological basis for the Requerimiento.$
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Sample 4difficulty 3/5
$Which animals brought from Europe most transformed Native American Plains cultures?$
- A
  $Pigs (and to a lesser extent free-range cattle)$
- B
  $Horses (and to a lesser extent cattle)$
  check_circle
- C
  $Chickens (and other domesticated European fowl)$
- D
  $Sheep and goats (introduced by Spanish missionaries)$
Why
$Horses, escaping from Spanish settlements, transformed Plains tribes (Comanche, Sioux, Cheyenne) into highly mobile mounted bison hunters.$
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Sample 5difficulty 3/5
$"I implore you to recognize the Church as a lady and in the name of the Pope take the King as lord of this land and obey his mandates. If you do not... with the help of God I shall enter your land against you with force, and shall make war on you in every way I can, and I shall subject you to the yoke and obedience of the Church and of His Majesty, and I shall take your wives and children and make them slaves." — The Spanish Requerimiento, drafted by Juan López de Palacios Rubios (1513), read to Indigenous peoples by conquistadors$
$Which sixteenth-century critique of the Requerimiento and conquest practice gained the most influence within Spanish debates?$
- A
  $John Calvin's commentaries on Genesis$
- B
  $Bartolomé de las Casas's denunciations of Spanish cruelties toward Indigenous peoples$
  check_circle
- C
  $Niccolò Machiavelli's defense of republican Florence$
- D
  $Thomas Hobbes's argument for absolute sovereignty$
Why
$Las Casas, especially in his "Brief Account of the Destruction of the Indies" (1552) and the Valladolid debate with Sepúlveda, condemned Spanish abuses and influenced reforms like the New Laws of 1542 limiting encomienda.$
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