Andrew Carnegie's vertical integration of US Steel involved
- A
Buying out competing steel firms (horizontal integration)
- Bcheck_circle
Owning the entire production chain — iron mines, railroads, mills, and distribution
- C
Sharing market control with rival firms in a trust
- D
Federal nationalization of the steel industry
Explanation
Vertical: control upstream (raw materials) and downstream (transport, sales). Rockefeller's Standard Oil pioneered horizontal integration. Trusts were a different combination structure.