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Thinking, Problem-Solving, Judgments, and Decision-Making

AP Psychology· difficulty 4/5

Heuristic Description Availability Judging by ease of recall Representativeness Judging by similarity to prototype Anchoring Over-relying on first information Confirmation Seeking only supportive evidence Common cognitive shortcuts

A juror, having seen many news stories about plane crashes, overestimates plane-crash frequency. Which heuristic best explains this?

  • A

    Confirmation bias

  • B

    Anchoring

  • C

    Representativeness

  • D

    Availability

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Explanation

The availability heuristic causes people to judge frequency by how easily examples come to mind; vivid news coverage inflates perceived risk.

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