Cell Potential Under Nonstandard Conditions

AP Chemistry· difficulty 3/5

A galvanic cell uses the half-reactions Cu²⁺/Cu and Zn²⁺/Zn (E°_cell = +1.10 V). A student varies [Cu²⁺] while keeping [Zn²⁺] = 1.0 M.

[Cu²⁺] (M) E_cell (V) 1.0 1.10 0.10 1.07 0.010 1.04 0.0010 1.01

These data are best explained by which trend?

  • A

    E is +1.10 V regardless of Q.

  • B

    E is independent of concentrations.

  • C

    E increases as [Cu²⁺] decreases.

  • D

    E decreases as Q increases ([Cu²⁺] decreases pushes Q higher).

    check_circle

Explanation

Q = [Zn²⁺]/[Cu²⁺]. Lower [Cu²⁺] increases Q, and per Nernst equation E = E° − (0.0592/n)log Q, E drops as Q rises. Each ten-fold drop reduces E by ~0.030 V (n = 2), matching the data.

Want 10 more like this — adaptive to your weak spots?

Related questions