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Responses to the Environment

AP Biology· difficulty 3/5

A sterile worker bee helps her queen-mother produce sisters with relatedness r = 0.75.

Hamilton's rule: rB > C r = relatedness B = benefit to recipient C = cost to actor Altruism is favored when relatedness times benefit exceeds cost

According to Hamilton's rule, altruistic behavior in workers is best explained by:

  • A

    Group selection by random reproduction

  • B

    Genetic drift only

  • C

    Inclusive fitness/kin selection: high r makes rB > C feasible

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  • D

    Sexual selection by females choosing related mates

Explanation

Hymenoptera workers share 0.75 of genes with sisters; high relatedness makes helping a relative reproduce a net genetic gain (kin selection / inclusive fitness).

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