According to the decision tree, which behavior is INNATE rather than learned?

Answer: Fixed Action Pattern (FAP) Fixed action patterns are stereotyped innate behaviors triggered by sign stimuli; imprinting, habituation, and conditioning are forms of learning.

A linear dominance hierarchy like the one shown most directly:

Answer: Reduces costly fighting by establishing predictable access to resources Dominance hierarchies stabilize social groups: subordinates yield to dominants, reducing the energy and injury costs of repeated combat.

Which type of learning is illustrated?

Answer: Habituation Habituation is a decreased response to a repeated, biologically unimportant stimulus, considered a form of non-associative learning.

AP Biology · Topic 8.1

Responses to the Environment Practice

Part of Ecology.(SYI-2.A)

Practice questions

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Sample questions

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Sample 1difficulty 2/5
$According to the decision tree, which behavior is INNATE rather than learned?$
- A
  $Classical conditioning$
- B
  $Imprinting$
- C
  $Habituation$
- D
  $Fixed Action Pattern (FAP)$
  check_circle
Why
$Fixed action patterns are stereotyped innate behaviors triggered by sign stimuli; imprinting, habituation, and conditioning are forms of learning.$
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Sample 2difficulty 2/5
$A linear dominance hierarchy like the one shown most directly:$
- A
  $Eliminates competition for mates$
- B
  $Reduces costly fighting by establishing predictable access to resources$
  check_circle
- C
  $Increases aggression among all members$
- D
  $Promotes equal resource sharing$
Why
$Dominance hierarchies stabilize social groups: subordinates yield to dominants, reducing the energy and injury costs of repeated combat.$
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Sample 3difficulty 3/5
$A snail withdraws into its shell when tapped; after many repeated taps with no harm, it stops responding.$
$Which type of learning is illustrated?$
- A
  $Imprinting$
- B
  $Classical conditioning$
- C
  $Habituation$
  check_circle
- D
  $Operant conditioning$
Why
$Habituation is a decreased response to a repeated, biologically unimportant stimulus, considered a form of non-associative learning.$
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Sample 4difficulty 3/5
$According to the figure, the optimal foraging strategy predicts the predator should preferentially hunt:$
- A
  $The largest prey for maximum mass$
- B
  $Optimum-sized prey (highest net energy)$
  check_circle
- C
  $Whichever prey is encountered first$
- D
  $The smallest prey that are easy to catch$
Why
$Optimal foraging theory predicts predators target prey size that maximizes net energy gain (energy intake minus handling/search costs).$
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Sample 5difficulty 3/5
$Most agonistic interactions follow the upper sequence (display + submission) rather than full fights because:$
- A
  $Fighting is genetically programmed and unavoidable$
- B
  $Submission has no fitness consequence$
- C
  $Displays produce more offspring directly$
- D
  $Ritualized displays settle disputes at lower cost than physical combat$
  check_circle
Why
$Ritualized agonistic displays allow individuals to assess each other and settle conflicts without the high fitness costs of injury from fighting.$
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