The Knights' "cooperative" vision aimed to

Answer: Replace permanent wage labor with worker-owned enterprises The Knights envisioned producer cooperatives as the path beyond permanent wage labor, rooted in republican producerism.

The statement's appeal to "American institutions" was intended to:

Answer: Frame the strike as a defense of citizens' rights against corporate power Eugene Debs and the ARU cast the strike as a citizenship issue, contrasting workers' republican rights with the autocratic power of George Pullman.

President Cleveland's response to this strike most directly involved:

Answer: Sending federal troops to protect the mails and break the boycott Citing interference with U.S. mail, Cleveland deployed federal troops over Illinois Governor Altgeld's objection, and federal courts enjoined Debs and the ARU.

AP US History · Topic 6.7

Labor in the Gilded Age Practice

Part of Period 6: 1865–1898.

Practice questions

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Sample questions

5 of 14 — sign in to practice the rest with adaptive difficulty and mastery tracking.

Sample 1difficulty 3/5
$"We declare an inevitable and irresistible conflict between the wage-system of labor and the republican system of government. The wage-laborer wishes to be a wage-payer or self-employer. The producers of the country are entitled to the fullest enjoyment of the wealth they create. We therefore demand the establishment of cooperative institutions, productive and distributive." — Knights of Labor Preamble, 1878$
$The Knights' "cooperative" vision aimed to$
- A
  $Encourage immigrant strikebreaking$
- B
  $Strengthen craft union exclusivity$
- C
  $Adopt European socialist parties' platforms$
- D
  $Replace permanent wage labor with worker-owned enterprises$
  check_circle
Why
$The Knights envisioned producer cooperatives as the path beyond permanent wage labor, rooted in republican producerism.$
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Sample 2difficulty 3/5
$"If it is the determination of the corporation to starve us into submission, the railway employees of the country will not stand by and see us perish. We have already received the strongest assurances of support... we hope yet to convince the world that we are American citizens entitled to the protection of American institutions." — American Railway Union statement, Pullman Strike, 1894$
$The statement's appeal to "American institutions" was intended to:$
- A
  $Frame the strike as a defense of citizens' rights against corporate power$
  check_circle
- B
  $Endorse federal injunctions against work stoppages$
- C
  $Reject solidarity with workers in other industries$
- D
  $Demand annexation of the Pullman company town by Chicago$
Why
$Eugene Debs and the ARU cast the strike as a citizenship issue, contrasting workers' republican rights with the autocratic power of George Pullman.$
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Sample 3difficulty 3/5
$"If it is the determination of the corporation to starve us into submission, the railway employees of the country will not stand by and see us perish. We have already received the strongest assurances of support... we hope yet to convince the world that we are American citizens entitled to the protection of American institutions." — American Railway Union statement, Pullman Strike, 1894$
$President Cleveland's response to this strike most directly involved:$
- A
  $Sending federal troops to protect the mails and break the boycott$
  check_circle
- B
  $Mediating a settlement favorable to the workers$
- C
  $Granting the ARU formal recognition by the federal government$
- D
  $Vetoing congressional efforts to nationalize the railroads$
Why
$Citing interference with U.S. mail, Cleveland deployed federal troops over Illinois Governor Altgeld's objection, and federal courts enjoined Debs and the ARU.$
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Sample 4difficulty 3/5
$"The recent alarming development and aggression of aggregated wealth, which, unless checked, will inevitably lead to the pauperization and hopeless degradation of the toiling masses, render it imperative... that a check should be placed upon its power and upon unjust accumulation, and a system adopted which will secure to the laborer the fruits of his toil." — Preamble, Knights of Labor Constitution, 1878$
$The preamble's purpose was most directly to:$
- A
  $Justify the formation of a broad workers' organization opposing concentrated capital$
  check_circle
- B
  $Endorse Republican Party economic policies of the postwar era$
- C
  $Promote individual self-help and personal saving among artisans$
- D
  $Defend the gold standard against bimetallist agitation$
Why
$The Knights presented their union as a moral response to corporate concentration, recruiting workers across skill, race, and gender lines to reclaim labor's "fruits."$
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Sample 5difficulty 3/5
$"The recent alarming development and aggression of aggregated wealth, which, unless checked, will inevitably lead to the pauperization and hopeless degradation of the toiling masses, render it imperative... that a check should be placed upon its power and upon unjust accumulation, and a system adopted which will secure to the laborer the fruits of his toil." — Preamble, Knights of Labor Constitution, 1878$
$Which event most directly contributed to the decline of the organization that issued this preamble?$
- A
  $The end of Reconstruction in 1877$
- B
  $The opening of Ellis Island in 1892$
- C
  $The passage of the Pendleton Civil Service Act in 1883$
- D
  $The Haymarket affair of 1886 and the public association of unions with anarchism$
  check_circle
Why
$After Haymarket, public opinion turned against the Knights despite their disavowal of the bombing, and membership collapsed as the AFL emerged.$
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