A child who reacts to an unannounced touch with sudden panic and dissociation is most likely exhibiting which trauma-related response?

Answer: Hyperarousal triggered by a trauma cue Sudden panic and dissociation in response to an unexpected stimulus reflect trauma-related hyperarousal and reactivity. The other options misattribute the response to cognitive impairment, conversion, or volitional defiance.

The patient's persistent, excessive fear focused specifically on air travel is best classified as which disorder?

Answer: Specific phobia A circumscribed, excessive fear of one identifiable stimulus or situation defines specific phobia. Generalized anxiety involves diffuse worry, panic disorder centers on recurrent unexpected panic attacks, and agoraphobia involves fear of multiple situations from which escape may be difficult.

Social withdrawal, avolition, and flat affect are best classified as:

Answer: Negative symptoms of schizophrenia Negative symptoms describe the absence or reduction of normal functions: motivation, social engagement, emotional expression. Positive symptoms involve added experiences (hallucinations, delusions); disorganized symptoms involve thought-form disturbances; medication side effects are a separate category.

AP Psychology · Topic 5.4

Selection of Categories of Psychological Disorders Practice

Part of Mental and Physical Health.

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Sample questions

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Sample 1difficulty 2/5
$A pediatric clinic adopts a trauma-informed care model. Staff are trained to recognize signs of past trauma, avoid procedures that re-traumatize patients (such as unannounced touch), and offer choices during exams. Six months later, the clinic reports fewer behavioral incidents during visits and higher caregiver satisfaction.$
$A child who reacts to an unannounced touch with sudden panic and dissociation is most likely exhibiting which trauma-related response?$
- A
  $Conversion symptom unrelated to history$
- B
  $Generalized cognitive deficit$
- C
  $Hyperarousal triggered by a trauma cue$
  check_circle
- D
  $Voluntary oppositional behavior$
Why
$Sudden panic and dissociation in response to an unexpected stimulus reflect trauma-related hyperarousal and reactivity. The other options misattribute the response to cognitive impairment, conversion, or volitional defiance.$
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Sample 2difficulty 2/5
$A clinical psychologist treats a patient with severe fear of flying using virtual reality exposure therapy. Across eight sessions, the patient wears a head-mounted display that simulates boarding, takeoff, turbulence, and landing. The therapist measures self-reported anxiety on a 0-100 scale every five minutes and waits for ratings to decline before advancing to a more intense scene.$
$The patient's persistent, excessive fear focused specifically on air travel is best classified as which disorder?$
- A
  $Agoraphobia$
- B
  $Panic disorder$
- C
  $Generalized anxiety disorder$
- D
  $Specific phobia$
  check_circle
Why
$A circumscribed, excessive fear of one identifiable stimulus or situation defines specific phobia. Generalized anxiety involves diffuse worry, panic disorder centers on recurrent unexpected panic attacks, and agoraphobia involves fear of multiple situations from which escape may be difficult.$
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Sample 3difficulty 2/5
$A 22-year-old man with a first episode of schizophrenia is started on a second-generation antipsychotic. After three weeks his auditory hallucinations diminish substantially, but he remains socially withdrawn, unmotivated, and emotionally flat. His family asks why these symptoms persist.$
$Social withdrawal, avolition, and flat affect are best classified as:$
- A
  $Negative symptoms of schizophrenia$
  check_circle
- B
  $Positive symptoms of schizophrenia$
- C
  $Disorganized symptoms of schizophrenia$
- D
  $Cognitive side effects of antipsychotics$
Why
$Negative symptoms describe the absence or reduction of normal functions: motivation, social engagement, emotional expression. Positive symptoms involve added experiences (hallucinations, delusions); disorganized symptoms involve thought-form disturbances; medication side effects are a separate category.$
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Sample 4difficulty 2/5
$Researchers compare diagnostic profiles across three patient groups in a community mental health center. Group A shows persistent low mood, anhedonia, and sleep changes for several weeks. Group B shows alternating periods of elevated, expansive mood with decreased need for sleep and depressive episodes. Group C reports intrusive thoughts and repetitive behaviors performed to reduce distress.$
$Group C's symptom pattern is most consistent with which disorder?$
- A
  $Generalized anxiety disorder$
- B
  $Obsessive-compulsive disorder$
  check_circle
- C
  $Dissociative identity disorder$
- D
  $Schizophrenia$
Why
$OCD involves obsessions (intrusive thoughts) and compulsions (repetitive behaviors performed to reduce distress), now classified separately from anxiety disorders in DSM-5.$
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Sample 5difficulty 3/5
$A diagnostic review board examines two case files. Case 1 describes a patient with disruptions in identity and memory not attributable to substances or a medical condition, with distinct identity states observed clinically. Case 2 describes a patient with significantly low body weight, intense concern about weight gain, and a distorted body image. Both patients are referred for multidisciplinary care.$
$Which DSM-5 diagnosis best matches Case 1?$
- A
  $Borderline personality disorder$
- B
  $Obsessive-compulsive disorder$
- C
  $Schizophrenia$
- D
  $Dissociative identity disorder$
  check_circle
Why
$Dissociative identity disorder involves disruption of identity characterized by two or more distinct personality states and gaps in memory.$
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