Answer: An evaluative reaction (positive or negative) toward something or someone Includes thoughts, feelings, and behavioral tendencies.

The higher enjoyment ratings in the $1 group are best explained by:

Answer: Cognitive dissonance reduction through changing private attitudes With insufficient external justification (1), participants experienced dissonance between "I lied" and "I am honest," and reduced it by shifting attitudes to align with their behavior. The20 group had ample external justification.

The peripheral route to persuasion involves

Answer: Cues like attractiveness, emotion, source credibility — without deep analysis Less stable change; depends on heuristics.

AP Psychology · Topic 4.2

Attitude Formation and Attitude Change Practice

Part of Social Psychology and Personality.

Practice questions

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Sample questions

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Sample 1difficulty 3/5
$An attitude is$
- A
  $A short-lived emotional state with no cognitive component$
- B
  $An evaluative reaction (positive or negative) toward something or someone$
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- C
  $A stable personality trait that is fixed across the lifespan$
- D
  $An automatic behavior performed without conscious awareness$
Why
$Includes thoughts, feelings, and behavioral tendencies.$
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Sample 2difficulty 3/5
$1 or$
$The higher enjoyment ratings in the $1 group are best explained by:$
- A
  $Cognitive dissonance reduction through changing private attitudes$
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- B
  $Operant reinforcement of enjoyable behavior$
- C
  $Social facilitation by the listener$
- D
  $Group polarization$
Why
$1), participants experienced dissonance between "I lied" and "I am honest," and reduced it by shifting attitudes to align with their behavior. The$
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Sample 3difficulty 4/5
$The peripheral route to persuasion involves$
- A
  $Cues like attractiveness, emotion, source credibility — without deep analysis$
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- B
  $Systematic comparison of evidence on both sides$
- C
  $Careful evaluation of the strength of arguments presented$
- D
  $Effortful reasoning about the merits of the message$
Why
$Less stable change; depends on heuristics.$
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Sample 4difficulty 4/5
$The central route to persuasion involves$
- A
  $Automatic agreement based on group conformity$
- B
  $Responding to surface cues like attractiveness or mood$
- C
  $Reacting reflexively without evaluating the message$
- D
  $Carefully considering arguments$
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Why
$Elaboration likelihood model; central route produces lasting change.$
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Sample 5difficulty 4/5
$Cognitive dissonance (Festinger) is$
- A
  $Loss of memory for attitudes that conflict with one's current behavior$
- B
  $Confusion that occurs when two emotions are experienced at the same time$
- C
  $Discomfort from holding inconsistent attitudes/behaviors, motivating us to reduce it$
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- D
  $Difficulty recalling past beliefs when new information is presented$
Why
$Often resolved by changing attitudes to match behavior.$
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