The African American Civil Rights Movement (1960s)

AP US History· difficulty 3/5

"We are tired of being treated as second-class citizens. The growers say we are like agricultural implements. The grape strike is a fight for the soul of California. Nonviolence is our strength. We hope our suffering will inspire others to act. Together we will build a union for farm workers, by farm workers, of farm workers." — Cesar Chavez, 1968

Chavez's nonviolent philosophy drew on

  • A

    Ayn Rand's individualism

  • B

    Black nationalist separatism

  • C

    Catholic social teaching and Gandhian-King traditions

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  • D

    Marxist-Leninist class war strategy

Explanation

Chavez fused Catholic spirituality with Gandhian nonviolence and Kingian civil rights tactics, evident in his pilgrimages and fasts.

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