Market Revolution: Society and Culture

AP US History· difficulty 4/5

"We the undersigned peaceable, industrious and hardworking women and children of Lowell... having toiled long for our present employers, our wages have been reduced... We the undersigned do solemnly pledge ourselves not to enter the mills under the proposed reduction of wages, but rather suffer ourselves to be locked out." — Lowell Mill Workers Petition / Turnout Pledge, 1836

Lowell Mill Workforce by Sex, 1836 Women ~85% Men ~15% Source: Mill payroll records

The activism of Lowell mill women contributed to a broader continuity in which antebellum movement?

  • A

    Women's growing participation in public reform causes

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  • B

    The rise of separate spheres ideology limiting women to domesticity

  • C

    Female enfranchisement at the state level

  • D

    The expansion of public schooling for girls

Explanation

Although denied the vote, women increasingly engaged in petitioning, organizing, and reform throughout the 1830s and 1840s, from labor protests to abolition and ultimately the women's rights movement.

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