A company surveys its email subscribers about customer satisfaction. About 70% of customers gave an email address; the rest did not.
Which problem most directly arises from this sampling frame?
- A
Confounding
- B
Nonresponse
- Ccheck_circle
Undercoverage
- D
Voluntary response
Explanation
Customers without email addresses cannot be selected at all. The sampling frame excludes part of the target population, creating undercoverage.