Sociologist Dr. Hassan argues that membership in community organizations such as bowling leagues, choirs, and neighborhood associations has declined sharply in the United States over the past four decades, with consequences for civic life.
Which finding, if true, would most strongly support Dr. Hassan's argument?
- A
Most Americans report having close personal friendships.
- B
Some new types of online communities have emerged in recent decades.
- Ccheck_circle
Surveys conducted between 1980 and 2020 show participation in community organizations dropped by more than 40 percent.
- D
Civic engagement has historically varied by region.
Explanation
A provides the longitudinal data that directly establishes the decline Hassan describes. B suggests a possible rebuttal (online substitution). C and D are tangential.