Text 1: Biologist Park argues that ants exhibit remarkable forms of collective intelligence. Without any central coordinator, an ant colony can build complex nests, coordinate food gathering, and rapidly reorganize after disruption — all through local interactions among simple individuals.
Text 2: Biologist Singh accepts that ant colonies behave impressively but cautions against the term "intelligence." The behaviors emerge from chemical signals and simple decision rules; no individual ant nor the colony as a whole "knows" anything in the cognitive sense. The phenomenon is striking, Singh contends, but better described in self-organization terms than in cognitive ones.
Both authors would most likely agree that
- A
individual ants make conscious plans.
- B
ant colonies are disorganized.
- C
ants have human-like reasoning.
- Dcheck_circle
ant colonies produce sophisticated collective behaviors without a central coordinator.
Explanation
Both accept ant colonies' sophistication and decentralization; they differ on terminology. A is shared. B, C, and D contradict at least one author.