Gibbs Free Energy and Thermodynamic Favorability

AP Chemistry· difficulty 3/5

The ΔG vs T plot shown is for a reaction with ΔH<0 and ΔS<0.

+ΔG -ΔG T ΔS < 0, ΔH < 0

For a reaction with ΔH < 0 and ΔS < 0, the ΔG vs T line slopes upward. What does this imply?

  • A

    Always spontaneous

  • B

    Spontaneous at high T only

  • C

    Spontaneous at low T; non-spontaneous at high T

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  • D

    Always non-spontaneous

Explanation

ΔG = ΔH - TΔS. With ΔH<0 and ΔS<0, the -TΔS term grows positive with T, so ΔG eventually exceeds 0.

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