Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

AP Biology· difficulty 3/5

A student studies a population of peppered moths in an industrial woodland. The dark allele (D) is dominant to the light allele (d). The student counts 360 dark moths and 40 light moths.

Population Dark (D_) Light (dd) Industrial 360 40 Unpolluted 16 384 Total = 400 in each

Assuming Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what is the frequency of the d allele?

  • A

    0.10

  • B

    0.68

  • C

    0.32

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  • D

    0.50

Explanation

Light moths are dd: q^2 = 40/400 = 0.10, so q = sqrt(0.10) = 0.316. The d allele frequency is about 0.32.

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