Biogeochemical cycles (carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, water) move elements between
- A
Single ecosystems only, trapped within local boundaries
- B
Predators and prey only, through ingestion and excretion
- Ccheck_circle
Atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere reservoirs
- D
Living organisms only, exclusively through food webs
Explanation
Elements cycle globally through abiotic and biotic reservoirs; human activities (fossil fuels, fertilizers) significantly perturb these cycles.