Habitat fragmentation primarily harms biodiversity by
- Acheck_circle
Reducing total area, isolating subpopulations, and increasing edge effects
- B
Increasing total habitat area, connecting subpopulations, and reducing edge effects
- C
Maintaining total habitat area, isolating subpopulations, and reducing edge effects
- D
Decreasing total habitat area, but increasing gene flow and lowering edge effects
Explanation
Smaller, isolated patches lose species more easily and suffer from edge effects (more exposure to predators, weather, invasions).