AP US History · Topic 4.5

Market Revolution: Industrialization Practice

Part of Period 4: 1800–1848.

Practice questions

9

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Sample questions

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  1. Sample 1difficulty 2/5

    U.S. Railroad Mileage 1830-1860 1830 1840 1850 1855 1860 30K 0

    The expansion shown most directly contributed to which antebellum development?

    • A

      Decline of urban populations as people moved to farms

    • B

      Federal ownership of the major rail trunk lines

    • C

      Greater Southern economic integration with the West

    • D

      Tighter economic ties between the Northeast and the Old Northwest

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    Why

    Antebellum railroads ran predominantly east-west across the North, binding Midwestern grain-producing states to Northeastern markets and pulling them away from the Mississippi/Southern trade axis.

  2. Sample 2difficulty 3/5

    Manufacturing Output 1860 (% of U.S. total) North 72% West 18% South 10%

    Which strategic implication of the data shown was most consequential during the Civil War?

    • A

      The Union enjoyed an overwhelming industrial advantage in producing weapons and supplies

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    • B

      The South's lack of factories forced it to rely on French military technology

    • C

      Western states refused to supply either side with manufactured goods

    • D

      Manufacturing parity made the war an economic stalemate

    Why

    With roughly 72% of national manufacturing capacity, the North could outproduce the Confederacy in arms, ammunition, ships, and railroad equipment, a decisive long-war advantage.

  3. Sample 3difficulty 3/5

    "We the undersigned peaceable, industrious and hardworking women and children of Lowell... having toiled long for our present employers, our wages have been reduced... We the undersigned do solemnly pledge ourselves not to enter the mills under the proposed reduction of wages, but rather suffer ourselves to be locked out." — Lowell Mill Workers Petition / Turnout Pledge, 1836

    Lowell Mill Workforce by Sex, 1836 Women ~85% Men ~15% Source: Mill payroll records

    Which evidence best supports the claim that early female factory operatives engaged in collective action?

    • A

      Coordinated mill turnouts and the formation of the Lowell Female Labor Reform Association in 1845

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    • B

      The founding of the Knights of Labor in Lowell

    • C

      Female delegates' attendance at the National Trades Union convention

    • D

      The election of female representatives to the Massachusetts legislature

    Why

    Lowell women organized turnouts in 1834 and 1836 and later founded the Lowell Female Labor Reform Association in 1845 led by Sarah Bagley to petition for shorter workdays.

  4. Sample 4difficulty 3/5

    The Erie Canal (completed 1825)

    • A

      Was an engineering failure that was abandoned within a decade of its completion

    • B

      Connected New York City to Boston harbor, strengthening New England's coastal trade

    • C

      Was actually a transcontinental railroad linking the Atlantic to the Mississippi

    • D

      Connected the Great Lakes to the Hudson River, dramatically reducing freight costs and helping NYC become the major port

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    Why

    Stimulated migration and economic growth in the Old Northwest.

  5. Sample 5difficulty 3/5

    "We the undersigned peaceable, industrious and hardworking women and children of Lowell... having toiled long for our present employers, our wages have been reduced... We the undersigned do solemnly pledge ourselves not to enter the mills under the proposed reduction of wages, but rather suffer ourselves to be locked out." — Lowell Mill Workers Petition / Turnout Pledge, 1836

    Lowell Mill Workforce by Sex, 1836 Women ~85% Men ~15% Source: Mill payroll records

    The Lowell mill turnouts of the 1830s were a response to changes brought about by which broader phenomenon?

    • A

      The decline of cottage industry due to British imports

    • B

      The expansion of the putting-out system in New England

    • C

      The Market Revolution and the rise of industrial wage labor

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    • D

      Federal protective tariffs benefiting southern planters

    Why

    The Lowell mills exemplified the Market Revolution's transformation of work, drawing young women into wage labor under factory discipline; their protests reflected new tensions of industrial capitalism.