AP US History · Topic 3.4

Philosophical Foundations of the American Revolution Practice

Part of Period 3: 1754–1800.

Practice questions

7

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Sample questions

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  1. Sample 1difficulty 3/5

    "He has refused his Assent to Laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public good. He has forbidden his Governors to pass Laws of immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation till his Assent should be obtained; and when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend to them. He has dissolved Representative Houses repeatedly..." — Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776

    The mode of argument used here — listing specific abuses to justify resistance — most clearly continues the rhetorical tradition of:

    • A

      The English Bill of Rights of 1689's enumeration of James II's violations

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    • B

      The Mayflower Compact's covenantal language of self-government

    • C

      The Magna Carta's feudal grants to barons in 1215

    • D

      The Navigation Acts' commercial regulations of the 1660s

    Why

    The 1689 English Bill of Rights, after the Glorious Revolution, listed James II's constitutional violations to justify deposing him — a structure Jefferson deliberately echoed. Magna Carta and the Mayflower Compact are foundational but use different rhetorical structures; the Navigation Acts are not a justificatory argument at all.

  2. Sample 2difficulty 3/5

    "He has refused his Assent to Laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public good. He has forbidden his Governors to pass Laws of immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation till his Assent should be obtained; and when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend to them. He has dissolved Representative Houses repeatedly..." — Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776

    Which earlier event most directly contributed to the specific grievance about dissolving "Representative Houses repeatedly"?

    • A

      Royal governors' suspensions of colonial assemblies during the Townshend and Coercive Acts crises

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    • B

      The Albany Plan of Union's rejection by colonial legislatures in 1754

    • C

      The Quebec Act's establishment of appointed councils in formerly French territory

    • D

      The Currency Act of 1764's restrictions on paper money in New England

    Why

    Royal governors repeatedly prorogued or dissolved assemblies (notably Massachusetts and Virginia) when they protested the Townshend duties and Coercive Acts. While the other items were real 1750s-70s grievances, they did not involve dissolving representative houses, which is the specific complaint targeted by this clause.

  3. Sample 3difficulty 3/5

    The Declaration's "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal" reflected

    • A

      British theory drawn from Magna Carta and common law

    • B

      Enlightenment ideas about natural rights and equality

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    • C

      Puritan doctrine of covenant theology and divine grace

    • D

      American ideas about civic virtue and republican self-rule

    Why

    The phrase echoed Locke and other Enlightenment thinkers; its application would be debated for centuries.

  4. Sample 4difficulty 3/5

    "Society in every state is a blessing, but government, even in its best state, is but a necessary evil... A government of our own is our natural right... 'Tis time to part." — Thomas Paine, Common Sense, January 1776

    Common Sense (1776): Estimated Copies in Circulation 500k 250k 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr Jul 1776

    Together, the chart and excerpt best demonstrate that:

    • A

      Paine's pamphlet rapidly mobilized public opinion in favor of independence

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    • B

      Common Sense had little popular impact in the colonies

    • C

      Most colonists in 1776 still preferred reconciliation with Britain

    • D

      Paine argued for retaining a hereditary monarchy in America

    Why

    The rapid spread of hundreds of thousands of copies in 1776, combined with Paine's blunt case for independence, helped tip colonial opinion toward separation.

  5. Sample 5difficulty 3/5

    "He has refused his Assent to Laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public good. He has forbidden his Governors to pass Laws of immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation till his Assent should be obtained; and when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend to them. He has dissolved Representative Houses repeatedly..." — Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776

    The grievances catalogued in this excerpt most directly framed the colonial argument that:

    • A

      The colonies should be granted dominion status equivalent to Ireland within the Empire

    • B

      All royal officials should be replaced with elected colonial governors before reconciliation

    • C

      Parliament should be reorganized to grant colonies direct seats in the House of Commons

    • D

      British constitutional protections required local consent for legislation affecting the colonies

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    Why

    The grievance section grounded the case for independence in the British constitutional tradition that legitimate government rests on local consent through representative assemblies. The other options describe alternative reform proposals (virtual or actual parliamentary representation, dominion schemes) that were debated in the 1770s but not advanced in the Declaration itself.