AP Psychology · Topic 2.6
Retrieving Memories Practice
Part of Cognition.
Practice questions
8
Sample questions
5 of 8 — sign in to practice the rest with adaptive difficulty and mastery tracking.
Sample 1difficulty 2/5
In a classic study by Godden and Baddeley, scuba divers learned a list of 40 words either on land or 10 feet underwater. Later, divers were tested on recall either in the same environment where they learned the list or the opposite environment. Recall was significantly better when divers were tested in the same environment in which they had learned the words, regardless of whether that was on land or underwater.
A follow-up study showed participants who learned material while caffeinated recalled it best when caffeinated again. This finding illustrates:
- A
Retroactive interference
- B
Source amnesia
- Ccheck_circle
State-dependent memory
- D
Context-dependent memory
Why
State-dependent memory occurs when recall is best in the same internal state (e.g., drug, mood) as during encoding. Context-dependent memory involves external environment, not internal state.
- A
Sample 2difficulty 3/5
In a classic study by Godden and Baddeley, scuba divers learned a list of 40 words either on land or 10 feet underwater. Later, divers were tested on recall either in the same environment where they learned the list or the opposite environment. Recall was significantly better when divers were tested in the same environment in which they had learned the words, regardless of whether that was on land or underwater.
These results most strongly support which memory phenomenon?
- A
State-dependent memory (encoding specific to internal mood)
- B
Proactive interference
- C
Mood-congruent memory
- Dcheck_circle
Context-dependent memory (encoding specificity for environmental cues)
Why
Context-dependent memory is the finding that recall is improved when the external environment at retrieval matches that of encoding. State-dependent memory involves matching internal physiological or emotional states.
- A
Sample 3difficulty 3/5
A retrieval cue is
- Acheck_circle
A stimulus that helps activate memory of related information
- B
A newly formed memory trace
- C
An automatic reflexive response
- D
A specific type of brain wave pattern
Why
Smells, music, places can all act as retrieval cues.
- A
Sample 4difficulty 3/5
Recognition (multiple-choice) is generally easier than recall (essay) because
- A
Recall tasks are processed faster
- B
The two formats are equally difficult
- C
Recognition tasks provide no cues
- Dcheck_circle
Recognition provides retrieval cues
Why
The presented options serve as retrieval cues.
- A
Sample 5difficulty 4/5
On a serial position curve, items in the middle are
- A
Recalled only when paired with a retrieval cue
- Bcheck_circle
Recalled most poorly (no primacy or recency advantage)
- C
Recalled in reverse order of original presentation
- D
Recalled best (strongest primacy and recency advantages)
Why
Sandwich effect: middle items lose primacy and recency advantages.
- A