Which salt's solubility decreases with temperature?

Answer: Ce2(SO4)3 Most salts dissolve more readily as T rises, but cerium sulfate is one of the rare exceptions whose dissolution is exothermic, so solubility decreases with rising T.

Which substance is most likely to be insoluble in water?

Answer: Hexane (nonpolar) Hexane is nonpolar; water is polar. No favorable interactions form. Sugar, salt, ammonia all interact strongly with water (H bonds or ion-dipole).

Point Y describes a solution that is:

Answer: Unsaturated Point Y lies below the solubility curve, so additional solute could dissolve at that temperature; the solution is unsaturated.

AP Chemistry · Topic 3.10

Solubility Practice

Part of Properties of Substances and Mixtures.(SPQ-3.D)

Practice questions

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Sample questions

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Sample 1difficulty 2/5
$Solubility curves (g solute per 100 g water) are plotted against temperature for KNO3, NaCl, and Ce2(SO4)3.$
$Which salt's solubility decreases with temperature?$
- A
  $KNO3$
- B
  $Ce2(SO4)3$
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- C
  $NaCl$
- D
  $All increase$
Why
$Most salts dissolve more readily as T rises, but cerium sulfate is one of the rare exceptions whose dissolution is exothermic, so solubility decreases with rising T.$
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Sample 2difficulty 2/5
$Which substance is most likely to be insoluble in water?$
- A
  $Hexane (nonpolar)$
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- B
  $Ammonia$
- C
  $Salt (NaCl)$
- D
  $Sugar (lots of -OH groups)$
Why
$Hexane is nonpolar; water is polar. No favorable interactions form. Sugar, salt, ammonia all interact strongly with water (H bonds or ion-dipole).$
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Sample 3difficulty 2/5
$Curve shows solubility of KNO3.$
$Point Y describes a solution that is:$
- A
  $Unsaturated$
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- B
  $Solid only$
- C
  $Saturated$
- D
  $Supersaturated$
Why
$Point Y lies below the solubility curve, so additional solute could dissolve at that temperature; the solution is unsaturated.$
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Sample 4difficulty 2/5
$Which compound when mixed with Na2SO4 forms a precipitate?$
- A
  $NaNO3$
- B
  $NH4Cl$
- C
  $KCl$
- D
  $BaCl2 (forms BaSO4)$
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Why
$Most sulfates are soluble except BaSO4, PbSO4, SrSO4. Mixing BaCl2 with Na2SO4 yields BaSO4(s).$
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Sample 5difficulty 2/5
$Solubility (g/100 g water) for KNO₃ and NaCl is plotted vs temperature.$
$What does the steep KNO₃ curve indicate?$
- A
  $Dissolution of KNO₃ is exothermic.$
- B
  $Dissolution of KNO₃ is endothermic.$
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- C
  $NaCl dissolution is endothermic.$
- D
  $KNO₃ is insoluble in water.$
Why
$Solubility increasing strongly with T means heating shifts equilibrium toward dissolved ions. Per Le Châtelier, dissolution is endothermic.$
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