Which best describes the genetic outcome of the event diagrammed?

Answer: Recombinant chromatids carry new combinations of maternal and paternal alleles. Crossing over at the chiasma swaps homologous (non-sister) chromatid segments, producing recombinant chromatids that combine alleles from both parents and increasing genetic diversity.

Crossing over (genetic recombination) occurs during of meiosis I.

Answer: Prophase I (when homologs synapse and exchange segments) Tetrads form during prophase I; chromatids exchange segments at chiasmata, mixing maternal and paternal alleles.

Mendel's law of independent assortment states that

Answer: Alleles of different genes (on different chromosomes) sort independently into gametes During meiosis, each homologous pair orients independently — different genes on different chromosomes assort independently.

AP Biology · Topic 5.2

Meiosis and Genetic Diversity Practice

Part of Heredity.(IST-1.D)

Practice questions

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Sample questions

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Sample 1difficulty 2/5
$Two homologous chromosomes (maternal and paternal) are paired in a synaptonemal complex; non-sister chromatids overlap at a chiasma where DNA is exchanged.$
$Which best describes the genetic outcome of the event diagrammed?$
- A
  $Recombinant chromatids carry new combinations of maternal and paternal alleles.$
  check_circle
- B
  $Sister chromatids exchange identical DNA, producing no genetic change.$
- C
  $Centromeres are duplicated, doubling chromosome number.$
- D
  $The cell becomes polyploid as a result of unequal crossover.$
Why
$Crossing over at the chiasma swaps homologous (non-sister) chromatid segments, producing recombinant chromatids that combine alleles from both parents and increasing genetic diversity.$
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Sample 2difficulty 2/5
$Crossing over (genetic recombination) occurs during _______ of meiosis I.$
- A
  $Telophase I (when nuclear envelopes begin to reform)$
- B
  $Anaphase I (when homologous chromosomes separate)$
- C
  $Prophase I (when homologs synapse and exchange segments)$
  check_circle
- D
  $Cytokinesis (when the cytoplasm divides into two)$
Why
$Tetrads form during prophase I; chromatids exchange segments at chiasmata, mixing maternal and paternal alleles.$
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Sample 3difficulty 2/5
$Mendel's law of independent assortment states that$
- A
  $All gametes produced by a heterozygous parent carry identical allele combinations$
- B
  $Alleles of different genes (on different chromosomes) sort independently into gametes$
  check_circle
- C
  $The two alleles for a single gene separate from each other during gamete formation$
- D
  $Genes located near each other on the same chromosome are always inherited together$
Why
$During meiosis, each homologous pair orients independently — different genes on different chromosomes assort independently.$
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Sample 4difficulty 3/5
$The three main sources of genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms are$
- A
  $DNA repair, RNA splicing, post-translational modification$
- B
  $Mitosis, cytokinesis, binary fission$
- C
  $Crossing over, independent assortment, random fertilization$
  check_circle
- D
  $DNA replication, transcription, translation$
Why
$All three operate during/around meiosis and reproduction; mutations are an additional source over generations.$
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Sample 5difficulty 3/5
$The cytological basis of independent assortment is$
- A
  $Crossing over between homologous chromosomes during prophase I$
- B
  $Random alignment of sister chromatids at the metaphase plate in mitosis$
- C
  $Cleavage of the cytoplasm during the cytokinesis stage of cell division$
- D
  $Random orientation of homologous chromosome pairs at metaphase I$
  check_circle
Why
$Each tetrad orients independently at the metaphase plate; this produces 2ⁿ different gamete combinations from chromosome sorting alone.$
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