Hormones traveling through the bloodstream to distant target cells are an example of

Answer: Endocrine signaling Endocrine = long-distance via blood. Paracrine = nearby cells. Synaptic = neuron to next cell. Autocrine = cell signals itself.

A signaling molecule that affects only neighboring cells is called:

Answer: Paracrine Paracrine signals diffuse locally to nearby cells (e.g., growth factors). Endocrine signals travel through the bloodstream; autocrine signals act on the same cell.

Which is best supported?

Answer: Diabetic individuals fail to lower blood glucose after a glucose load (insulin deficiency or resistance). Glucose remains elevated for hours in diabetics, indicating insufficient insulin response or insensitivity. The healthy curve returns toward baseline as insulin promotes uptake.

AP Biology · Topic 4.1

Cell Communication Practice

Part of Cell Communication and Cell Cycle.(IST-3.A)

Practice questions

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Sample questions

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Sample 1difficulty 2/5
$Hormones traveling through the bloodstream to distant target cells are an example of$
- A
  $Autocrine signaling$
- B
  $Synaptic signaling$
- C
  $Paracrine signaling$
- D
  $Endocrine signaling$
  check_circle
Why
$Endocrine = long-distance via blood. Paracrine = nearby cells. Synaptic = neuron to next cell. Autocrine = cell signals itself.$
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Sample 2difficulty 2/5
$A signaling molecule that affects only neighboring cells is called:$
- A
  $Endocrine$
- B
  $Paracrine$
  check_circle
- C
  $Autocrine$
- D
  $Synaptic$
Why
$Paracrine signals diffuse locally to nearby cells (e.g., growth factors). Endocrine signals travel through the bloodstream; autocrine signals act on the same cell.$
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Sample 3difficulty 3/5
$Researchers measured blood glucose after oral glucose intake in healthy and diabetic individuals over 3 hours. Insulin levels were also tracked.$
$Which is best supported?$
- A
  $Diabetic individuals fail to lower blood glucose after a glucose load (insulin deficiency or resistance).$
  check_circle
- B
  $Diabetic individuals have lower fasting glucose.$
- C
  $Healthy individuals are insulin resistant.$
- D
  $Both groups respond identically.$
Why
$Glucose remains elevated for hours in diabetics, indicating insufficient insulin response or insensitivity. The healthy curve returns toward baseline as insulin promotes uptake.$
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Sample 4difficulty 3/5
$The middle stage of cell signaling — typically a phosphorylation cascade or second messenger relay — is$
- A
  $Reception$
- B
  $Replication$
- C
  $Transduction$
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- D
  $Response$
Why
$Reception (ligand-receptor binding) \to transduction (relay/amplify via cascades) \to response (gene expression change, enzyme activation, etc.).$
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Sample 5difficulty 3/5
$In bacteria, _______ allows cells to detect their population density and coordinate group behaviors like biofilm formation.$
- A
  $Replication forks$
- B
  $Photosynthesis$
- C
  $Endocytosis$
- D
  $Quorum sensing$
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Why
$Bacteria release autoinducers; when concentration exceeds a threshold, cells coordinate gene expression as a group.$
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