The defining difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is

Answer: Eukaryotes have membrane-bound organelles (especially a nucleus); prokaryotes don't Prokaryotes (bacteria, archaea) lack a true nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. Eukaryotes have both.

What is the MOST diagnostic structural difference between the two cell types depicted?

Answer: The eukaryote has membrane-bound organelles, including a true nucleus Eukaryotic cells are defined by membrane-enclosed organelles, especially a true nucleus, while prokaryotes have DNA in a nucleoid region without a surrounding membrane.

Which is <strongnot</strong part of the endomembrane system?

Answer: Mitochondria Mitochondria are not part of the endomembrane system (origin from endosymbiosis, double membrane, own DNA). The endomembrane system includes ER, Golgi, vesicles, lysosomes, vacuoles, and the nuclear envelope.

AP Biology · Topic 2.2

Cell Structure and Function Practice

Q: Which is <strongnot</strong part of the endomembrane system?

Answer: Mitochondria Mitochondria are not part of the endomembrane system (origin from endosymbiosis, double membrane, own DNA). The endomembrane system includes ER, Golgi, vesicles, lysosomes, vacuoles, and the nuclear envelope.

Part of Cell Structure and Function.(ENE-1.B)

Practice questions

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Sample questions

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Sample 1difficulty 1/5
$The defining difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is$
- A
  $Eukaryotes lack a continuous plasma membrane surrounding their cytoplasm and organelles$
- B
  $Prokaryotes are typically larger and contain several linear chromosomes per cell$
- C
  $Prokaryotes contain ribosomes, while eukaryotes use the nucleolus instead$
- D
  $Eukaryotes have membrane-bound organelles (especially a nucleus); prokaryotes don't$
  check_circle
Why
$Prokaryotes (bacteria, archaea) lack a true nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. Eukaryotes have both.$
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Sample 2difficulty 2/5
$A microbiologist examines two cells under TEM. One has DNA loose in the cytoplasm with no internal membranes; the other has DNA enclosed in a double membrane and several distinct compartments. The instructor asks the student to identify the most defining difference.$
$What is the MOST diagnostic structural difference between the two cell types depicted?$
- A
  $The eukaryote has membrane-bound organelles, including a true nucleus$
  check_circle
- B
  $The prokaryote lacks DNA$
- C
  $Only the prokaryote has ribosomes$
- D
  $Only the eukaryote has a plasma membrane$
Why
$Eukaryotic cells are defined by membrane-enclosed organelles, especially a true nucleus, while prokaryotes have DNA in a nucleoid region without a surrounding membrane.$
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Sample 3difficulty 2/5
$Which is <strong> not </strong> part of the endomembrane system?$
- A
  $Golgi body$
- B
  $Lysosomes$
- C
  $Mitochondria$
  check_circle
- D
  $Smooth ER$
Why
$Mitochondria are not part of the endomembrane system (origin from endosymbiosis, double membrane, own DNA). The endomembrane system includes ER, Golgi, vesicles, lysosomes, vacuoles, and the nuclear envelope.$
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Sample 4difficulty 2/5
$Which structure is found in the plant cell shown but is NOT found in animal cells?$
- A
  $Cell wall$
  check_circle
- B
  $Endoplasmic reticulum$
- C
  $Mitochondria$
- D
  $Plasma membrane$
Why
$The rigid outer rectangular boundary represents a cellulose cell wall, present in plant cells but absent in animals.$
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Sample 5difficulty 3/5
$A plant cell is moved from pure water into a 0.5 M sucrose solution. Initial volume is 100 units. Over 30 minutes the cell shrinks slightly but its outer wall keeps a fixed shape. The central vacuole shrinks notably and pulls the membrane away from the wall.$
$The structure responsible for storing the water that leaves the cell is BEST identified as:$
- A
  $The cell wall$
- B
  $The nucleus$
- C
  $The large central vacuole$
  check_circle
- D
  $The chloroplast stroma$
Why
$Plant central vacuoles store most of the cell's water and solutes; in hypertonic media, water exits the vacuole, causing plasmolysis as the membrane peels from the wall.$
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