The organelle highlighted in cyan (with double-membrane and own DNA) is the

Answer: Mitochondrion Mitochondrion: bean-shaped, double membrane (the inner one folded into cristae), own circular DNA — site of cellular respiration.

Ribosomes are the site of

Answer: Protein synthesis (translation) Ribosomes translate mRNA into polypeptides — found free in cytosol or attached to rough ER.

Mitochondria are often called the cell's "powerhouses" because they

Answer: Generate most of a eukaryotic cell's ATP via oxidative phosphorylation The electron transport chain across the inner mitochondrial membrane drives ATP synthesis from ADP + Pᵢ.

AP Biology · Topic 2.1

Cell Structure: Subcellular Components Practice

Part of Cell Structure and Function.(ENE-1.A)

Practice questions

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Sample questions

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Sample 1difficulty 1/5
$The organelle highlighted in cyan (with double-membrane and own DNA) is the$
- A
  $Lysosome$
- B
  $Mitochondrion$
  check_circle
- C
  $Nucleus$
- D
  $Golgi apparatus$
Why
$Mitochondrion: bean-shaped, double membrane (the inner one folded into cristae), own circular DNA — site of cellular respiration.$
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Sample 2difficulty 1/5
$Ribosomes are the site of$
- A
  $Protein synthesis (translation)$
  check_circle
- B
  $ATP production (respiration)$
- C
  $Lipid synthesis (smooth ER)$
- D
  $DNA replication (S phase)$
Why
$Ribosomes translate mRNA into polypeptides — found free in cytosol or attached to rough ER.$
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Sample 3difficulty 1/5
$Mitochondria are often called the cell's "powerhouses" because they$
- A
  $Store water and ions to maintain internal turgor pressure$
- B
  $Generate most of a eukaryotic cell's ATP via oxidative phosphorylation$
  check_circle
- C
  $Translate messenger RNA into membrane-bound polypeptides$
- D
  $Replicate nuclear DNA during the S phase of the cell cycle$
Why
$The electron transport chain across the inner mitochondrial membrane drives ATP synthesis from ADP + Pᵢ.$
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Sample 4difficulty 1/5
$Peroxisomes contain enzymes that$
- A
  $Generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylation$
- B
  $Break down fatty acids and detoxify peroxide$
  check_circle
- C
  $Replicate circular DNA inside the organelle$
- D
  $Synthesize secretory proteins for export$
Why
$Peroxisomes house catalase and oxidases that break down very long fatty acids and convert H₂O₂ to water.$
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Sample 5difficulty 1/5
$Chloroplasts (in plants and algae) are the site of$
- A
  $Photosynthesis$
  check_circle
- B
  $Cellular respiration$
- C
  $Fatty acid breakdown$
- D
  $Protein synthesis$
Why
$Light reactions in thylakoid membranes; Calvin cycle in stroma — both housed in chloroplasts.$
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