Challenges of the 21st Century

AP US History· difficulty 4/5

"The Federal Government does not have the power to order people to buy health insurance… The Federal Government does have the power to impose a tax on those without health insurance." — Chief Justice John Roberts, NFIB v. Sebelius, June 28, 2012

Roberts upheld the ACA's individual mandate by relying on which enumerated power?

  • A

    The taxing power of Article I, Section 8

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  • B

    The Commerce Clause of Article I, Section 8

  • C

    The Necessary and Proper Clause

  • D

    The Spending Clause for Medicaid

Explanation

Roberts rejected the Commerce Clause justification but saved the mandate by reading the penalty as a constitutional tax, an unusual fusion of liberal and conservative reasoning.

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