"We conclude that, in the field of public education, the doctrine of 'separate but equal' has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal. Therefore, we hold that the plaintiffs… are, by reason of the segregation complained of, deprived of the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment." — Chief Justice Earl Warren, Brown v. Board of Education, May 17, 1954
Brown's enforcement was tested in 1957 when President Eisenhower:
- Acheck_circle
Federalized the Arkansas National Guard and dispatched the 101st Airborne to Little Rock
- B
Issued an executive order ending all segregation in federal facilities
- C
Signed the Civil Rights Act of 1957 with a strong voting rights enforcement provision
- D
Withdrew federal funding from segregated southern colleges
Explanation
When Governor Orval Faubus used the Arkansas Guard to block nine Black students from entering Central High, Eisenhower federalized the Guard and sent the 101st Airborne to enforce the federal court desegregation order.