The Articles of Confederation

AP US History· difficulty 2/5

"Each state retains its sovereignty, freedom, and independence, and every Power, Jurisdiction, and right, which is not by this confederation expressly delegated to the United States, in Congress assembled." — Articles of Confederation, Article II (ratified 1781)

The Thirteen States, 1781 NH MA RI CT NY NJ PA DE MD VA NC SC GA Western lands claimed by states (later ceded to Confederation) stylized — not to scale

This article most directly reflects which concern shared by the state legislatures that ratified it?

  • A

    Fear that a strong central government would replicate the perceived abuses of Parliament

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  • B

    Opposition to forming any standing peacetime army

  • C

    Hostility toward the establishment of an independent federal judiciary

  • D

    Anxiety about French military intervention in the Mississippi Valley

Explanation

Having just rebelled against a distant central authority, states protected their sovereignty in Article II out of fear of a powerful national government. The other concerns existed in the 1780s but are not what Article II specifically addresses.

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