"We shall be as a city upon a hill. The eyes of all people are upon us, so that if we shall deal falsely with our God in this work we have undertaken, and so cause Him to withdraw His present help from us, we shall be made a story and a by-word through the world. We must be knit together in this work as one man." — John Winthrop, "A Model of Christian Charity," 1630
Compared with the religious vision of the Chesapeake colonies in the same era, the outlook expressed here differed most sharply because it:
- A
Required mandatory tithing to a state-funded Catholic episcopate
- Bcheck_circle
Tied civil order to a collective religious covenant rather than to staple-crop production
- C
Welcomed open religious pluralism for Quakers and Baptists
- D
Subordinated the colony directly to a royal governor appointed by Charles I
Explanation
New England Puritanism fused civil and religious order into a collective covenant, while Chesapeake colonies organized society around tobacco cultivation and the headright system. Massachusetts Bay was not Catholic (that was Maryland), did not welcome Quakers (it banished and even executed them), and was not a royal colony in 1630 (it operated under its corporate charter).