Economy after 1945

AP US History· difficulty 4/5

Inflation and Unemployment, 1970-1982 (%) 15 10 5 0 Inflation (CPI) Unemployment '73 OPEC shock '79 Iranian Rev Volcker tightens '80 '70 '74 '78 '81 Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics

The simultaneous high inflation and high unemployment shown above ("stagflation") most directly challenged which prevailing economic theory?

  • A

    Adam Smith's classical free-market economics

  • B

    Keynesian demand management, which assumed inflation and unemployment moved inversely

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  • C

    Mercantilist trade-balance theory

  • D

    Marxist labor theory of value

Explanation

The Phillips Curve underlying postwar Keynesianism predicted a tradeoff between inflation and unemployment. The 1970s' simultaneous rise in both broke that model and opened space for monetarism and supply-side economics.

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