The Constitutional Convention and Debates over Ratification

AP US History· difficulty 3/5

"I confess that there are several parts of this constitution which I do not at present approve... but I am not sure I shall never approve them: For having lived long, I have experienced many instances of being obliged by better information... to change opinions even on important subjects." — Benjamin Franklin, September 17, 1787

Ratification Votes by State Convention, 1787-1790 200 100 0 DE PA MA MD VA SC NY NC Yes No

The chart and source together best support which characterization of ratification?

  • A

    Many state conventions ratified despite significant opposition, often after debate over a Bill of Rights

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  • B

    All states ratified unanimously and enthusiastically

  • C

    Most states rejected the Constitution outright

  • D

    Ratification was decided entirely by popular referendum, not conventions

Explanation

The chart shows close votes in major states like MA, VA, and NY, while Franklin's reflection captures the contested, compromise-driven nature of ratification.

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