Interpreting p-Values

AP Statistics· difficulty 4/5

A test gives a p-value of 0.03. The correct interpretation is

A
$If H₀ were true, the probability of observing data at least this extreme is 3%$
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B
$The probability that H_a is true is 97%$
C
$The probability that H₀ is true is 3%$
D
$The effect size is exactly 3%$

Explanation

P-value: probability of data \geq as extreme as observed under null. Not the probability of any hypothesis (which requires a Bayesian prior).

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