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Introduction to Entropy

AP Chemistry· difficulty 4/5

The second law of thermodynamics states that for spontaneous processes

  • A

    ΔSsystem_{system} > 0 always

  • B

    ΔH < 0 always

  • C

    ΔSuniverse_{universe} = ΔSsys_{sys} + ΔSsurr_{surr} > 0

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  • D

    Energy is destroyed

Explanation

Total entropy of universe must increase. The system can have decreasing entropy if surroundings increase by more (e.g., freezing water releases heat to surroundings).

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