Periodic Trends

AP Chemistry· difficulty 3/5

period 2 (Li → Ne) IE₁

The dip from N to O is because

  • A

    Mass changes

  • B

    Shell changes

  • C

    Half-filled p³ stability is lost when 4th electron pairs in 2p

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  • D

    Z_eff drops

Explanation

Pairing penalty: removing the 4th 2p electron is easier than removing the 3rd from N's stable p³.

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