Gene Expression and Cell Specialization

AP Biology· difficulty 3/5

During embryonic development, cells differentiate into specialized types primarily because

  • A

    Each cell loses different chromosome regions over divisions, producing distinct DNA content patterns

  • B

    Different cells receive different parental DNA strands during mitosis, producing distinct inheritance patterns

  • C

    Tissue-specific somatic mutations accumulate in each lineage, producing distinct genomic sequence patterns

  • D

    Different sets of regulatory genes (transcription factors) are activated, producing distinct gene expression patterns

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Explanation

Master regulators (e.g., Hox genes) and signaling cascades produce cell-type-specific transcription factor patterns; the genome is the same in all cells.

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