Energy Flow Through Ecosystems

AP Biology· difficulty 2/5

tertiary (~0.1%) secondary (~1%) primary (~10%) producers (100%)

Approximately what percentage of the energy in producers is found in tertiary consumers?

  • A

    50%

  • B

    10%

  • C

    0.1%

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  • D

    100%

Explanation

Following the 10% rule: each level retains ~10% of the previous. Producers → primary (10%) → secondary (1%) → tertiary (0.1%).

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