Community Ecology

AP Biology· difficulty 2/5

Secondary succession occurs after disturbance leaves intact soil, e.g.,

  • A

    Recovery of a forest after a wildfire

    check_circle
  • B

    Initial colonization of cooled volcanic lava

  • C

    Pioneer plants on retreating glacial moraine

  • D

    Lichens colonizing freshly exposed bare rock

Explanation

Soil already has seed banks, microbes, and nutrients — succession proceeds faster than primary.

Want 10 more like this — adaptive to your weak spots?

Related questions