Cellular signaling pathways are typically terminated by
- Acheck_circle
Phosphatases (that remove phosphates) and GTPase activity (that turns off G proteins)
- B
Continued ligand binding and sustained second messenger production
- C
Cytokinesis (which separates the daughter cells from each other)
- D
Permanent activation of receptors and prolonged kinase signaling
Explanation
Signal off-switches: dephosphorylation, GTP hydrolysis on G proteins, ligand removal, receptor internalization.