AP US History · Topic 5.8

Military Conflict in the Civil War Practice

Part of Period 5: 1844–1877.

Practice questions

18

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Sample questions

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  1. Sample 1difficulty 3/5

    Lincoln's Gettysburg Address (Nov 1863)

    • A

      Was a long speech of several hours focused on detailed military strategy

    • B

      Was a policy address proposing new federal taxes to finance the war effort

    • C

      Lost popular support and was widely mocked as a political failure at the time

    • D

      Was a brief speech that redefined the war as a struggle for human equality and democracy

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    Why

    Only about 2-3 minutes long, but among the most consequential speeches in American history.

  2. Sample 2difficulty 3/5

    Sherman's March to the Sea, 1864 Atlanta Savannah ~285 miles crops/rails destroyed Goal: break Southern will to fight

    Sherman's strategy depicted is best characterized as:

    • A

      Total war directed at Southern civilian infrastructure to break the Confederacy's economic and psychological capacity to fight

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    • B

      Conventional pitched battle with the main Confederate army

    • C

      A defensive operation guarding Union supply lines

    • D

      A naval campaign supported by army units

    Why

    Sherman deliberately targeted railroads, crops, and property to destroy the South's capacity and will to continue the war, an early example of modern total-war strategy.

  3. Sample 3difficulty 3/5

    Major Civil War Battles (Casualties) Battle Date Casualties Antietam Sept 1862 23,000 Gettysburg July 1863 51,000 Vicksburg July 1863 ~37,000 Wilderness May 1864 29,000 Cold Harbor June 1864 15,500

    Antietam (Sept. 1862) is most significant beyond its casualties because it:

    • A

      Ended British recognition of the Confederacy

    • B

      Allowed Sherman to begin his March to the Sea

    • C

      Provided Lincoln the Union victory he needed to issue the Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation

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    • D

      Forced Lee to surrender the Army of Northern Virginia

    Why

    Although tactically a draw, Antietam halted Lee's first invasion of the North and gave Lincoln the political opportunity to announce emancipation as a war aim.

  4. Sample 4difficulty 3/5

    Fort Sumter (April 1861)

    • A

      Was a peaceful surrender of the federal garrison without any shots fired by either side in Charleston

    • B

      Was the first battle of the Civil War, where Confederate forces fired on a U.S. fort in Charleston Harbor

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    • C

      Was the final battle of the Civil War, where Union forces accepted the Confederacy's formal surrender

    • D

      Was a decisive Union naval victory that crushed the Confederacy and ended the secession crisis within weeks

    Why

    Lincoln's response (calling for troops) led to additional Southern secessions.

  5. Sample 5difficulty 3/5

    "The Father of Waters again goes unvexed to the sea. Thanks to the great Northwest for it; nor yet wholly to them. Three hundred miles up they met New England, Empire, Keystone, and Jersey, hewing their way right and left. The Sunny South, too, in more colors than one, also lent a helping hand." — Abraham Lincoln, Letter to James C. Conkling, August 26, 1863

    Control of the Mississippi River advanced which broader Union war strategy?

    • A

      Robert E. Lee's offensive strategy of invading the North

    • B

      Winfield Scott's Anaconda Plan to encircle and strangle the Confederacy

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    • C

      George McClellan's plan to negotiate a peace with the South

    • D

      Stonewall Jackson's Shenandoah Valley campaign

    Why

    Scott's Anaconda Plan combined naval blockade with Mississippi River control to suffocate Confederate trade and supply. McClellan and Lee were generals on opposing sides; Jackson was a Confederate.