AP Statistics · Topic 8.2

Setting Up a Chi-Square Goodness of Fit Test Practice

Part of Inference for Categorical Data: Chi-Square.(VAR-8.A)

Practice questions

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Sample questions

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  1. Sample 1difficulty 1/5

    A goodness-of-fit test compares observed frequencies in 6 categories to a hypothesized distribution.

    Chi-Square Distribution, df = 5 chi-square value

    What are the degrees of freedom?

    • A

      4

    • B

      1

    • C

      6

    • D

      5

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    Why

    For a chi-square goodness-of-fit test, df = k - 1 where k is the number of categories. Here k = 6, so df = 5.

  2. Sample 2difficulty 2/5

    A die is rolled 120 times. Under the null hypothesis the die is fair.

    Die Rolls (n=120) 1 2 3 4 5 6 22 17 20 18 25 18

    What is the expected count for each face under H0?

    • A

      10

    • B

      20

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    • C

      120

    • D

      60

    Why

    Under H0, each face is equally likely with probability 1/6. Expected count = 120 × (1/6) = 20.

  3. Sample 3difficulty 2/5

    A researcher wants to perform a chi-square goodness-of-fit test on a categorical variable with 5 levels using a sample of 50 observations. The expected counts under H0 are 20, 15, 8, 4, 3.

    Expected Counts A B C D E 20 15 8 4 3

    Which condition is violated?

    • A

      Normality

    • B

      Random sample

    • C

      Large counts (some E < 5)

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    • D

      Independence

    Why

    The large-counts condition requires all expected counts >= 5. Here E = 4 and E = 3 fall below this threshold, so the condition is violated.

  4. Sample 4difficulty 2/5

    Hypothesized distribution: 40% A, 30% B, 20% C, 10% D. Sample size n = 250.

    Expected Counts A (0.40) B (0.30) C (0.20) D (0.10) ? ? ? ?

    What are the expected counts?

    • A

      125, 75, 25, 25

    • B

      62.5, 62.5, 62.5, 62.5

    • C

      100, 75, 50, 25

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    • D

      40, 30, 20, 10

    Why

    E_i = n × p_i. So 250×0.40=100, 250×0.30=75, 250×0.20=50, 250×0.10=25.

  5. Sample 5difficulty 2/5

    A scientist samples 80 birds and records species. There are 5 species being studied.

    Bird Species Counts Sp1 Sp2 Sp3 Sp4 Sp5 25 15 12 14 14

    A test that all five species are equally likely uses df = ?

    • A

      5

    • B

      3

    • C

      9

    • D

      4

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    Why

    For GOF with 5 categories, df = k - 1 = 4.