AP Statistics · Topic 2.3

Statistics for Two Categorical Variables Practice

Part of Exploring Two-Variable Data.(UNC-1.I)

Practice questions

2

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Sample questions

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  1. Sample 1difficulty 2/5

    The table shows disease outcomes by vaccination status.

    Vaccine vs Disease Group Sick Well Total Vac 10 490 500 No 50 450 500 Total 60 940 1000

    Compare the conditional risks of being sick.

    • A

      Vaccinated 0.02; Unvaccinated 0.10

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    • B

      Cannot be computed

    • C

      Vaccinated 0.10; Unvaccinated 0.02

    • D

      Both 0.06

    Why

    P(sick|vac) = 10/500 = 0.02; P(sick|no vac) = 50/500 = 0.10.

  2. Sample 2difficulty 3/5

    Aggregated data show treatment A is better than B, but within every patient subgroup, B is better.

    This phenomenon is called:

    • A

      Simpson's paradox

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    • B

      Heteroscedasticity

    • C

      Selection bias

    • D

      Multicollinearity

    Why

    Simpson's paradox: a trend present in groups can reverse when groups are combined.