In Pavlovian terms, the air puff functioned as the

Answer: Unconditioned stimulus (US) The air puff naturally elicits the eyeblink without learning, making it the unconditioned stimulus. The eyeblink to the air puff is the unconditioned response.

Classical conditioning is

Answer: Learning to associate two stimuli (one previously neutral) so one signals the other Pavlov's dogs learned to salivate at a bell that previously preceded food.

The small bump labeled "SR" after extinction most likely represents:

Answer: Spontaneous recovery After a rest period following extinction, a previously extinguished CR can briefly reappear—Pavlov called this spontaneous recovery.

AP Psychology · Topic 3.7

Classical Conditioning Practice

Part of Development and Learning.

Practice questions

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Sample questions

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Sample 1difficulty 2/5
$In a study, researchers paired a neutral tone with a puff of air to a participant's eye over repeated trials. Initially, the tone produced no eyeblink, while the air puff reliably elicited one. After many pairings, the tone alone began to produce a reliable eyeblink response. Researchers then presented the tone repeatedly without the air puff and observed gradual weakening of the eyeblink response.$
$In Pavlovian terms, the air puff functioned as the$
- A
  $Unconditioned stimulus (US)$
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- B
  $Conditioned stimulus (CS)$
- C
  $Conditioned response (CR)$
- D
  $Neutral stimulus throughout$
Why
$The air puff naturally elicits the eyeblink without learning, making it the unconditioned stimulus. The eyeblink to the air puff is the unconditioned response.$
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Sample 2difficulty 3/5
$Classical conditioning is$
- A
  $Learning to associate two stimuli (one previously neutral) so one signals the other$
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- B
  $Learning shaped by consequences like rewards or punishments$
- C
  $Learning through inborn reflexes triggered automatically$
- D
  $Learning by watching and imitating others' behavior$
Why
$Pavlov's dogs learned to salivate at a bell that previously preceded food.$
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Sample 3difficulty 3/5
$The small bump labeled "SR" after extinction most likely represents:$
- A
  $Higher-order conditioning$
- B
  $Generalization decrement$
- C
  $Stimulus discrimination$
- D
  $Spontaneous recovery$
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Why
$After a rest period following extinction, a previously extinguished CR can briefly reappear—Pavlov called this spontaneous recovery.$
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Sample 4difficulty 3/5
$In a study, researchers paired a neutral tone with a puff of air to a participant's eye over repeated trials. Initially, the tone produced no eyeblink, while the air puff reliably elicited one. After many pairings, the tone alone began to produce a reliable eyeblink response. Researchers then presented the tone repeatedly without the air puff and observed gradual weakening of the eyeblink response.$
$The gradual weakening of the eyeblink response when the tone is presented alone is termed$
- A
  $Spontaneous recovery$
- B
  $Extinction$
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- C
  $Higher-order conditioning$
- D
  $Stimulus generalization$
Why
$Extinction is the gradual decrease in conditioned responding when the CS is repeatedly presented without the US.$
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Sample 5difficulty 3/5
$The conditioned stimulus (CS) is$
- A
  $A stimulus that produces only painful reactions$
- B
  $Functionally identical to the unconditioned stimulus$
- C
  $A stimulus that naturally triggers a reflexive response$
- D
  $An originally neutral stimulus that, after pairing with a UCS, triggers a similar response$
  check_circle
Why
$Bell becomes the CS after repeated pairings with food (UCS).$
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