if Statements and Control Flow Practice

Sample questions

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1. Sample 1difficulty 1/5

   Which is valid Java syntax for an if-statement?

   • A

     if x > 0: { ... }

   • B

     if (x > 0) { ... }

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   • C

     if (x > 0) then { ... }

   • D

     if x > 0 { ... }

   Why

   Java requires parentheses around the condition.

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2. Sample 2difficulty 2/5

   int y;
   if (x > 0) y = 1;
   else y = -1;

   Which single statement is equivalent?

   • A

     int y = x > 0 ? -1 : 1;

   • B

     int y = x ? 1 : -1;

   • C

     int y = x > 0 ? 1 : -1;

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   • D

     int y = (x > 0) - 1;

   Why

   The ternary cond ? a : b returns a when true, b when false: y becomes 1 if x > 0, otherwise -1.

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3. Sample 3difficulty 2/5

   if (x > 0)
       x--;
       y++;

   Why is this misleading?

   • A

     Both statements depend on the if

   • B

     x-- never executes

   • C

     Only x-- depends on the if; y++ always runs

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   • D

     Compile error due to missing braces

   Why

   Without braces, only the next single statement is part of the if. Indentation is ignored, so y++ runs unconditionally.

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4. Sample 4difficulty 2/5

   For <code>boolean done = true;</code>, which is correct?

   • A

     Neither works

   • B

     if (done == true) ...

   • C

     Both work; second is preferred (idiomatic)

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   • D

     if (done) ...

   Why

   Both compile; idiomatic Java prefers <code>if (done)</code> over <code>if (done == true)</code>.

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5. Sample 5difficulty 2/5

   <code>if (x > 0); System.out.println("hello");</code> always prints "hello" because

   • A

     if-statement is ignored

   • B

     Trailing semicolon makes the if-body empty; the print runs unconditionally

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   • C

     x > 0 always true

   • D

     Compile error

   Why

   The semicolon ends the if; print is no longer part of the if.

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