AP Chemistry · Topic 8.4

Acid-Base Reactions and Buffers Practice

Part of Acids and Bases.(SAP-9.D)

Practice questions

2

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Sample questions

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Sample 1difficulty 1/5
$A student prepares an acetic acid / acetate buffer at pH = 4.74 (pKa of CH3COOH = 4.74). Available stock solutions are 0.500 M CH3COOH and 0.500 M CH3COONa. The student combines 25.0 mL of acetic acid with 25.0 mL of sodium acetate to a total of 50.0 mL. The measured pH is 4.74.$
$What is the buffer ratio [A-]/[HA] in the prepared solution?$
- A
  $0.5$
- B
  $10$
- C
  $1.0$
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- D
  $2.0$
Why
$Henderson-Hasselbalch: pH = pKa + log([A-]/[HA]). Since pH = pKa, log ratio = 0 and [A-]/[HA] = 1.$
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Sample 2difficulty 3/5
$Adding a small amount of HCl to a buffer$
- A
  $Raises pH$
- B
  $No change at all$
- C
  $Drops pH dramatically$
- D
  $Slightly lowers pH; H⁺ converts A⁻ to HA$
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Why
$Buffer absorbs the acid via A⁻ + H⁺ \to HA, with only small pH change.$
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