AP Biology · Topic 6.1

DNA and RNA Structure Practice

Part of Gene Expression and Regulation.(IST-1.I)

Practice questions

4

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Sample questions

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  1. Sample 1difficulty 1/5

    5' 3' 3' 5' A=T G≡C T=A C≡G A=T

    What does the antiparallel orientation of the DNA strands mean?

    • A

      The two strands run in the same direction.

    • B

      The strands separate completely with each replication.

    • C

      One strand runs 5' to 3' while its complement runs 3' to 5'.

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    • D

      Strands are joined by covalent bonds at their bases.

    Why

    DNA strands are antiparallel: their phosphodiester backbones run in opposite 5' to 3' directions, a structural requirement for complementary base-pairing and replication by DNA polymerase.

  2. Sample 2difficulty 2/5

    A T G C

    The double helix shown has antiparallel sugar-phosphate backbones with base pairs (A=T, G≡C) connected by

    • A

      Disulfide bridges

    • B

      Ionic bonds

    • C

      Hydrogen bonds

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    • D

      Covalent bonds

    Why

    A=T (2 H-bonds), G≡C (3 H-bonds). The hydrogen bonding is what allows strands to separate easily during replication and transcription while remaining stable at body temperature.

  3. Sample 3difficulty 2/5

    In any double-stranded DNA, the percentage of A equals the percent of _______, and percent G equals the percent of _______.

    • A

      C; T

    • B

      T; C

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    • C

      U; A

    • D

      G; A

    Why

    Base pairing: A=T, G=C → in dsDNA, %A = %T and %G = %C (Chargaff's rule).

  4. Sample 4difficulty 3/5

    A double-stranded DNA sample has 30% A. The percent of G is

    • A

      30%

    • B

      20%

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    • C

      60%

    • D

      70%

    Why

    %T = 30 (Chargaff). A+T = 60% → G+C = 40% → %G = 20%.